Novel Polymer micro and nanocarriers for drug delivery (Stevens Group)

We have developed a library of biodegradable polymers that can be fabricated into microcarriers for controlled drug delivery. By adjusting the polymer structure and degree of crosslinking, we can fine-tune degradation rates, enabling drug release over periods from days to over a year. This versatility makes the system suitable for a broad range of applications such as contraception, chemotherapy, and immunomodulation. Some of these polymers are also 3D-printable, enabling complex designs – for example multi-chamber microparticles – that unlock capabilities like pulsatile release, ideal for applications such as self-boosting vaccines. Another promising polymeric system is pABOL, a cationic biodegradable polymer that forms polyplexes with RNA. These pABOL polyplexes improve cellular uptake and gene delivery efficiency compared to traditional mRNA delivery systems, making them a valuable tool for advancing mRNA-based therapies, from vaccines to in vivo cell reprogramming.  Finally, we are also pushing the boundaries of more conventional carriers like lipid nanoparticles by developing new formulations and targeting strategies, driven by AI-powered high-throughput design and screening technologies. In addition to micro and nanoparticles, we are also developing advanced micro and nanostructures for drug delivery. For example, we are improving micro- and nanoneedle patches for applications in cancer vaccines and wound healing.

a) Structure of a 3D printed microparticle designed for controlled release, shown with SEM images of cross-sections in different planes. b) A batch of 49 microparticles is shown for scale. Scale bars = 100 µm. Figure from https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202417290.

Triggered and enhanced drug release (Stride, Coussios and Carlisle groups)

Systemic drug administration often leads to sub-optimal biodistribution, with limited uptake in the target tissue and off-target side effects. We have developed advanced drug encapsulation and surface modification techniques that allow both small molecules and biologics to circulate efficiently in the bloodstream. These innovations reduce absorption by healthy tissues and enhance drug accumulation in solid tumours. These systems are designed with a built-in switch that responds to external triggers like focused ultrasound, shock waves, or magnetic fields. This allows us to activate and direct the drugs deep into target tissues precisely when needed.

These same external energy sources can also help drugs cross biological barriers, such as the skin, the blood-brain-barrier and the tumour-blood barrier. One key process is acoustic cavitation, triggered by ultrasound, which creates tiny bubbles in the body. As these bubbles expand and collapse, they generate forces that push drugs deeper into tissues—helping them reach otherwise difficult-to-penetrate targets.

Advanced liposomal technologies for improved drug delivery enhance circulation, reduce off-target uptake, and promote accumulation in solid tumours. External stimuli such as focused ultrasound, shock waves, or magnetic fields are used to trigger therapeutic release and drive deeper tissue penetration.

Nanoformulations characterisation (Stevens Group)

One of the main challenges in the clinical translation of nanoformulations is the difficulty in controlling the synthesis of nanoparticles and characterising them in a high-throughput, yet detailed manner. To address this, we developed a technique called SPARTA^â (Single Particle Automated Trapping Analysis). SPARTA allows real-time measurement of the size and molecular composition of individual nanoparticles, and it can do this for many particles in a fully automated, high-throughput process. This capability not only sets a new standard for quality control but also aids in the rational design and optimisation of novel formulations. We’ve successfully applied SPARTA^â to various nanoparticles, including lipid and polymeric carriers and extracellular vesicles. A commercial version of the instrument, which has achieved CE-marked approval, is now available through the spin-off company, SPARTA^â Bio Discovery.

Overview of SPARTA^â technology capabilities (a) and the SPARTA^â benchtop instrument (b).